Percy broadbent crossley



- T 0 all whom it may concern:

Calcutta, British durin the subsequent operations of 'jected owing to\ impurities, cracks,

' grain or lize waste asbestos or the mentioned waste,

. the best micasas concerned,

minerals. This new vantages in Reissued Dec- .4 923.

.umrao s1 vrranous raonuo-r Hoare Miller & Company, 5 Fairlie Place, India), consulting chemist have invented a Vitreous and metallurgist, Product and Process The object of my invention is to utilize waste micas, asbestos and the like for the manufacture of glass.

It is well known that micas, asbestos and the like are very wasteful minerals to and that over 90% of the mica is re ecte dressbe re- CIOSS- ing, 0 eaning, etc; uch mica has to twining: The object of this invention is mainly to use these otherwise waste micas and to utilike minerals. It will be quite understood, however, that I need not con ne myself to the wastematerials only.

The valu'e, of mica for industrial purposes depends upon oneior a combination of its properties of flexibility, transparency, non-fusibility, non-conductibility with respect to heat and electricity, etc. Its usefulness is rather limited owing to its fragile and laminated nature. 5 an example 0 one .of the defects due to the latter may be the bad efl'e'ct due to the adsorption of water and oil.

' The present invention is'to utilize these impure or otherwise commercially for the production of a substance which may be equal in value to far as the electrical, heat insulating properties, transparency, etc., are but which will have, under cer-' unsuitable materials tain conditions, addition to those possesse by the natural This new su stance may be used for any which the natural pure substance may use desired shape or form by rolling, forgmolding, castingor wel ing; product may be be made any ing. extruding, Articles made from the new machined. This new material may to adheretenaciously to metals.

In carrying out my process micaee us PERCY BROADBENT GBOSSLEY,

AND 230C353 I O'B' THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF;

l io Drawing. Original 80. 1,894,973,11ated0ctober 25,

' Application tor "reissue filed Aprils,

Bnoammnr Be, it known that 1, P nter CnossLEY, a subject of His Ma est King George V (whose address is c/o essrs.

for the Manufacture, Thereof, of which the following is a specification.

mine,

rietiesv of the micaceous minerals,

' powdered other valuable properties inv be wrought .-intobelow that at which [PATENT- OFFICE.

or camera, 15mm.

1921, Serial R0. 326,917, filed September 27, 1919.

1922. Serial No. 549,802.

minerals, asbestos or the like are suitably sorted or graded. These materials are then generally crush the products to a powder, but, in the case 0 mica,

may if I prefer use t in the sha e of fine scales or flakes, or even as smal films or splittings. The disintegration may be performed by any of the ordinary processes. of the treatment of mica, films or splittings can be produced by subjecting the natural blocks, plates, etc., to

disintegrated. I

In the case the repeated, application of heat followed by rapid cooling, 1. e.',

quenching in water or other fluid.

After disintegration has been accomplished to the desired extent waste rnicas, asbestos or the like may be subjectedto chemical or other processes to remove t e impurities. p

These impurities, which in the case of mic-as are almost invariably only present on the surfaces of the films, flakes or particles of the powder, may be converted into a soluble form andremoved from the material by lixiviation with water or with weak solutions of acids, alkalis or salts, without deleberiously affecting the minerals. The material maybe subsequently washed and dried. In certain localities micas are found in a or disintegrated form of very pure quality which may not need any mechanical manipulation or further purification before being used in my process, 1

These materials are then intimately mixed with a solid solyent, the nature and properties, including color, of which are modi ed to suit the special requirements the finished product has to meet.

As examples of the solvents used may be mentioned glass, ma( powdered glass with suitable active substances, such as cobalt, lead or other metallic oxids, boric acid. metallic borates or hero-silicates and the like, having a melting point lower than the temperature at which micaceous minerals, asbestos or the like ben to eiiioresce or part with their water of hydration, the temperature ranging from that. required to melt ordinary glass to one 7 the natural silicates, such as mica or asbestos begin to change their physical and chemical characteristics, a temperature up to about 900 centigrade being employed;

the impure vale by the admixture of According to the present invention the mixture is then heated in "a suitable furnace usually for a considerable length of time at a temperature below that at which the micaceous constituents w ll begin to-effloresce, so as to obtain the desired incorporation of the solvent with the materials whereby the mixture becomes, either wholly or partiall transformed into a viscid mass.

subjected to mechanical manipulation asmay be found desirable to form it into its final shape, such, 7

as rolling, forging, etc.

' e micaceous constituents have been raised to a higher temperature than that at which the micaceous constituents genertion. I

I may if I prefer add an excess of micaceous constituents beyond that which would be suflicient to form a saturated "solution. Such excess modifies the ties of the resultant the mixture, and also upon the chemical composition of' the same.

t is generally only necessary to heat the mixture to slightly ab at which the solvent will portion of the ove'the temperature melt. If the proraise the temperature slightly higher than when the small.

By a suitable modification of the proportions of the mixture and in the choice of the chemical composition of the solvent, ucts having the desired properties'can; be obtained.

If desired I may heat the substance until t e mass becomes liquefied and can be cast into molds.

my process bears logy to certain ture than zinc, being raised in temperature to cause it to liquefy.

roduced may be of lasses can be used for w ich ordinary glass is without sufi'ering decomposi-' solvent used inprodusing coloring.

v exclude such From the above it will be recognizedthat the claims, is intended fural silicates having the use. As this material can be made to adhere,

non-combustible, and also capable of being any desirable tint, and formed into any desired shape, this material has a large field of usefulness in the domestic arts.

Its capacity for 'bein machined adds enormously to the adaptafiility of the material for industrial purposes.

It will be quite understood that I do not confine myself to the exact scribed above, but desire to be free to use methods d e any reasonable modification of the same.

or instance, I may if I. prefer use a molte bath of the solvent into which I could feed the micaceons minerals or the like,

Alternately, I the micaceous minerals and allow it to act upon the same, being given for the reactions to completed before subjecting themass to subsequent mechanical manipulation. Any combination ofthese three methods might be used.

I may, however, use other substances in the place of powdered glass as the base of my solvent glass. For instance, any natural or. artificial silicate might be used which is found to be suitable. I might .use mica, ticularly in the form of my own processes. i Instead of the solvent glass made by the a ove process, I mayuse other solvents,

suitable for this purpose.

' Such natural sil'cates as mica and asbestos ave been found to fulfill the purposes of my invention, and I have accordingl named t ese silicates in the description of my invention, but their recital is not intended to other natural silicates as may produce the stated re- The term natural silicates, used in to include any nat-' characteristics here pointed out.

aving now r and t reous ity to tained the nature of my sald invention the mass I I and a silicate of perature said vitreous material melts and that at in the molten vitreous material.

' 2. The method of manufacturing glass which comprises heating a mixture of glass high fusibility to a tern-- between that at which the glass melts'and that at which the silicate begins I to lose its water of hydration; whereby the V dissolved in silicate is dissolved which comprises heating and a micaoeous.

material begins I which vcomprises heating a tween that at which theglass that at which the mica'begins which comprises 'reous product which tion and .comminutedmica to a water of hydration; whereby [dmolved in the molten glass.

f5; I The method of manufacturing glass which comprises dissolving a natural Slllcate of high i fusibility in molten vitreous material andimaintaimng the temperature below that at which the said silicate effloresces.

6. The met 0d of manufacturing glass dissolving a natural silicate of high fusibility in molten glass and maintaining the temperature below that at which said silicate etlioresces.

7. The method of manufacturing glass V which comprisesdissolving mica in molten 0' 4 low that at glass and maintainingvthe temperature bewhich the mica efiloresces'. 8. The method of manufacturing a, vitreous product which comprises heating a mixture of vitreous material and a silicate of high fusibility to a temperature-between that atwhich said vitreous material melts becomes intimately incorporated, by chemical action, with the vitreous material} 9. The method of manufacturing a vitmixture of vitreous material and a natural silicate of high fusibility to a temperature between that at which the vitreous material to lose its water of hydration; silicate becomes intimately incorporated, by chemical action, with the vitreous material. 10. The method of manufacturing a vitcomprises heating a mixture of ceous mineral to a temperature between that at which the vitreous material melts an that at which the mineral loses a substanwhich the silicate begins to lose its water of hydration; whereby the silicate s dissolved and non-fissility.

and that at which the-silicate begins to lose its water of hydration; whereby the silicate melts and that at which the silicate begins whereby the vitreous material and a m1catial amount of its'water'of hydration; whereby the said mineral corporated, by chemical action, wit

vitreous material.

becomes intimately 1nthe 11. The method of manufacturing a substantially homogeneous product which comprises heating a vitreous material an a natural silicate 0 high fusibilityto such a temperature that the vitreous material is melted and the silicate is intimately incororated with the vitreous material while still retaining substantially'all of the sillcates water of hydration.

12. An electrical insulating material formed of a product containing a natural silicate of high fusibility intimately incorporated with a vitreous material by solution in the vitreous material of a portion of the silicate, ands characterized by its toughness, workability 13. A substantially homogeneous vitreous product containing a natural silicate of high fusibility and which is hard, tough em strong at ordinary temperatures and plastic at temperatures at least as low at 900 C. 14. A substantially homogeneous electrical insulating material formed of a vitreous product containing a natural silicate of high fusibility, and which is hard, tough and strong at ordinary temperatures andplastic at temperatures at least as low at 900 C.

15. A substantially homogeneous product containing a disintegrated natural silicate of high' fusibility intimately incorporated with a vitreous material by solution in the vitreous material of a portion ofthe sai silicate, and characterized by its high electrical insulating qualities, toughness, workability and non-fissility.

16. An insulating electrical material.

uct containing a disintegrated natura silicate of high fusibility intimately incorporated with a vitreous material by solution in the vitreous material of a portion of the said silicate and characterized by its toughness, workability and non-fissility.

17. A product which is a substantially homogeneous mixture and compound of a silicate of high fusibility and a vitreous ma-. terial, and characterized by its high electrical insulating ualities, toughness, workability and nonssility.

18. A substantially homogeneous product containing a silicate of high fusibility,substantially all of whose water of hydration is retained and which silicate is distributed uniformly throughout a polysilicate formed by the reaction of said silicate and a solvent. 1

1?. Anelectrical insulating material, formed of a not containing a solvent. high fusibility, substantially all water of hydration is retaine silicate is distributed uniformly substantially homogeneous prodanda silicate of of whose d and which throughout and characterized a poly-silicate formed by thereaction of said silicate and solvent.

20. A substantially homogeneous product containing mica intimately incorporated with a vitreous material by solution in the of a portion of the mica, by its high electrical invitreous material sulating qualities, and non-fissility.

21. Asubstantially homogeneous product containing mica substantially all of Whose water of hydration is retained and which is distributed uniformly throughout a polysilicate formed by the reaction-of the mica and a solvent.

of mica imbedded therein in sufiicient quantity to render the product susceptible of me chanical manipulation when heated to a viscid state, and being capable of adhering tenaciously to metals. 7

23. A substantially homogeneous comprising a vitreous material containing boron as a constituent, fusible below the temperature at which mica loses water of hy- It is hereby certified that in her 4, 1.)23, upon the application of P for an 1 1 nprovement in V' correction therein that t Patent Oflice.

Slgned andsealed this 12th day of February, Q v i toughness, workability product, I

same may conform to the record of dration, and small particles of mica imbedded therein in suflicient quantity to render the product machinable, said moldable when heated to a vlscid state.

24. The method of manufacturing a vitreous product which comprises heating a mixture of vitreous material and a micathe amount of ed solution, which the vitreous material. melts and that at Which the mineral loses a substantial product being amount of its water of hydration; whereby f the said mineral becomes intimately incorporated by chemical action with the vitreous material.

25; An electrical formed of a roduct containing a natural silicate of big fusibility intimately incorworkability and nonfissility. 1 PERCY BROADBENT CROSSLEY.

KARL FENNIN G, C'ommz'ssz'oner of Patents;

insulating material" and characterized a poly-silicate formed by thereaction of said silicate and solvent.

20. A substantially homogeneous product containing mica intimately incorporated with a vitreous material by solution in the of a portion of the mica, by its high electrical invitreous material sulating qualities, and non-fissility.

21. Asubstantially homogeneous product containing mica substantially all of Whose water of hydration is retained and which is distributed uniformly throughout a polysilicate formed by the reaction-of the mica and a solvent.

of mica imbedded therein in sufiicient quantity to render the product susceptible of me chanical manipulation when heated to a viscid state, and being capable of adhering tenaciously to metals. 7

23. A substantially homogeneous comprising a vitreous material containing boron as a constituent, fusible below the temperature at which mica loses water of hy- It is hereby certified that in her 4, 1.)23, upon the application of P for an 1 1 nprovement in V' correction therein that t Patent Oflice.

Slgned andsealed this 12th day of February, Q v i toughness, workability product, I

same may conform to the record of dration, and small particles of mica imbedded therein in suflicient quantity to render the product machinable, said moldable when heated to a vlscid state.

24. The method of manufacturing a vitreous product which comprises heating a mixture of vitreous material and a micathe amount of ed solution, which the vitreous material. melts and that at Which the mineral loses a substantial product being amount of its water of hydration; whereby f the said mineral becomes intimately incorporated by chemical action with the vitreous material.

25; An electrical formed of a roduct containing a natural silicate of big fusibility intimately incorworkability and nonfissility. 1 PERCY BROADBENT CROSSLEY.

KARL FENNIN G, C'ommz'ssz'oner of Patents;

insulating material" 

